| Time since Exodus | Approx. Year (BCE) | Event | Biblical Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 mo (15 Nisan) | 1446 | Israel leaves Egypt (Passover), departs from Rameses/Succoth | Exodus 12; Num 33:3 (julianspriggs.co.uk) |
| ~1 mo | 1446 | Crossing of the Red Sea; arrival at Marah/Elim | Exodus 14–15 |
| 2 mo 15 | 1446 | Arrival at Wilderness of Sin; manna begins | Ex 16 |
| 3 mo (16–45 days) | 1446 | Arrival at Mt. Sinai (third new moon) | Ex 19:1 |
| 3–5 mo | 1446 | Moses on Sinai 40 days; law given; instructions for Tabernacle | Ex 24:18; 31; Num 10:11 |
| 6 mo | 1446 | Golden Calf Incident; Moses intercedes; covenant renewed | Ex 32–34 |
| 7 mo | 1446 | Moses again 40 days on Sinai; new tablets received, Moses sees God’s glory “from behind” | Ex 34:1–28; 33:18–23 |
| 8–11 mo | 1446 | Tabernacle built, materials gathered and construction begins | Ex 35–39 |
| 2nd year, 1 mo (circa 1 year later) | 1445 | Tabernacle dedicated on 1st day of 1st month | Ex 40:1 |
| 2nd year, 2 mo | 1445 | Census taken; departure from Sinai (~20th day) | Num 1; 10:11–12 |
| 2nd year, 3–4 mo | 1445 | Taberah (judgment by fire/quails); Hazeroth (Miriam/Aaron vs. Moses) | Num 11–12 |
| 2nd year, 9 mo | 1445 | Spies sent into Canaan; reconnaissance lasts 40 days | Num 13 |
| 2nd year, 10 mo | 1445 | Spies’ report, rebellion; Israelites sentenced to 40 years wandering; Korah’s revolt, Aaron’s rod | Num 14–17 |
| ~38 years at Kadesh | 1444–1406 | First-generation adults die; no major recorded events | Num 14:29–34 |
| 40th year, 1 mo | 1406 | Kadesh (water from rock); Miriam dies; Edom refuses passage | Num 20 |
| 40th year, 5 mo | 1406 | Aaron dies on Mt. Hor; 30 days mourning | Num 20:22–29 |
| 40th year, 6 mo | 1406 | Battle vs. Arad (Canaan); journey resumes | Num 21:1 |
| 40th year, 7 mo | 1406 | Fiery serpents; bronze serpent made; defeat of Sihon | Num 21:4–21 |
| 40th year, 8 mo | 1406 | Defeat of Og, king of Bashan | Num 21:33 |
| 40th year, 11–12 mo (~11 months from Kadesh) | 1406 | Israel travels around Edom/Moab; Balaam incident; Baal-Peor & Midian conflict; final census; Moses receives feasts, sacrifices, priestly rules | Num 22–25; 26; 28–30 |
| ~40 years since Exodus | 1406 | Moses dies on Mt. Nebo; second generation prepares to cross Jordan | Deut 34 |
🧭 Overview & Observations
- Dating: Using the “Solomon formula,” Exodus is placed around 1446 BCE and entry into Canaan about 1406 BCE .
- Mountaintop Dialogues: Moses ascends Sinai three main times—first visit (~3–5 mo), golden calf intercession (~6 mo), second reception of commandments (~7 mo).
- Tabernacle & Priestly Laws: Given during Sinai stay—law, tabernacle design, priestly assignments (Aaron and Levi), sacrifices, feasts—and built and consecrated in the first two years .
- Wandering Judgment: After the spies’ bad report, 40 years wandering tested faith and whittled down that generation .
- Final Campaigns: In the 40th year, Moses leads Israel to victories over Canaanite kings Arad, Sihon, Og, and faces the Balaam incident; then concludes ministry and dies before crossing Jordan.
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